Monday, 21 September 2015

How to Use Photoshop Actions



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Step 1

Download the adobe photoshop CC 2015 from this link with crack .

https://kat.cr/adobe-photoshop-cc-2015-20150529-r-88-32-64bit-crack-t10800003.html?download=https://torcache.net/torrent/89EBCCD43FA8F75F8439896EA5211EA60E041A4F.torrent?title=[kat.cr]adobe.photoshop.cc.2015.20150529.r.88.32.64bit.crack

Step 2

Copy the .atn file into the Actions directory.
For PC Users: C:\Program Files\Adobe\Photoshop\Presets\Photoshop Actions
For Mac Users: It is within your Applications > Photoshop > Presets > Actions

Step 3

Open Photoshop. If you had Photoshop open during the above steps, you will need to restart Photoshop for the Actions to show up.
In Photoshop select the “Window” menu at the top, and select “Actions” to open up the Actions window.
The window like the one below should pop up and the Action should now show up in the list.


How to Use a Photoshop Action

Now that you have the Photoshop Action installed and ready to go, we can go ahead and use it. It is first important to determine what kind of Action you have. In the Actions window, click the little triangular arrow beside the folder icon of your desired Action (to expand it).

Type 1: Photoshop Actions that create a template for you


Some Photoshop Actions will have the “Step 1″ action. This might be labeled as “Create” or “Create Template”. Basically you simply run this step first without doing anything. This step will open up a document at the right size for you with a basic template. After you modify the template and add your images/text ect, you run the “Step 2″ of the action which may be labeled something along the lines of “Render”. You will usually find Actions with Steps like this for more complicated Photoshop Actions, such as ones that create book covers or CDs.
 

Type 2: Photoshop Actions that do NOT create a template for you:

Simple Photoshop Actions like those that apply filters/effects to photographs will most likely NOT have the “Step 1 Create Template” to open up a template for you. If you think about it, you actually don’t need a template per say because your photographs can be of any size!
 

Type 3: Photoshop Actions that have multiple bundled effects/variations:


Some Photoshop Actions files will have multiple variations of the effect, as well as auxiliary actions that compliment the main action. If this is the case, you only apply one of these Actions at a time. If you don’t like it, undo it, and try another variation.
 

Step 4

Determine which of the above kinds your Photoshop Action is. If it has a “Create” step then first run that so it will open up a template for you. Else, you will have to start by first opening the image/document for which you wish to apply the Photoshop Action to (File > Open).
If you’re using an image you’ve been editing in Photoshop, you will want to first ensure that there is only one layer (so that the Photoshop Action knows wont mistakingly use the wrong layer). To do this select the Layers drop down menu and select “Flatten Image”.  You can also opt to File > Save for Web , save it as a jpg, and then re-open the jpg using File > Open. It’s all the same thing, just make sure your document only has one layer!

Step 5

With the desired image now opened, select the desired Photoshop Action from the Action’s window. (if there are multiple variations of the effect, select one) and press the play icon at the bottom of the Action’s window.
Now sit back and watch as an array of actions get performed. Ocassionaly you may get Layer Style windows popping up. Simply click “OK” without changing any settings. You also may get text prompts advising you of whats being done.Once its all done, you’ll end with your final product.

Step 6

Now you are ready to export this image. Go to File > Save for Web and choose either JPEG, GIF, PNG or whatever format you desire.

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Saturday, 19 September 2015

Prepare your apps for the App Store.

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The next release of watchOS, iOS, andOS X will soon be in the hands of hundreds of millions of customers around the world. Download the latest releases, test your apps, and submit them to the App Store for review.

Xcode 7

Build your apps with Xcode 7 and test your apps with the latest releases of iOS, OS X, and watchOS. This release includes the latest SDKs for OS X El Capitan, iOS 9, andwatchOS 2.
Note:
OS X El Capitan requires Xcode 7. If your app still depends on Xcode 6, you'll need to keep a partition or external hard drive with OS X Yosemite installed in order to submit from Xcode 6.
Xcode 7 requires Swift 2. If your app uses Swift 1.2, you can use the Edit > Convert > To Latest Swift Syntax menu item in Xcode 7 to convert your code to Swift 2.

Building Your First App


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Welcome to Android application development!
This class teaches you how to build your first Android app. You’ll learn how to create an Android project and run a debuggable version of the app. You'll also learn some fundamentals of Android app design, including how to build a simple user interface and handle user input.

Set Up Your Environment


Before you start this class, be sure you have your development environment set up. You need to:
  1. Download Android Studio.
  2. Download the latest SDK tools and platforms using the SDK Manager.
Note: Although most of this training class expects that you're using Android Studio, some procedures include alternative instructions for using the SDK tools from the command line instead.
This class uses a tutorial format to create a small Android app that teaches you some fundamental concepts about Android development, so it's important that you follow each step.

How to Become a Hacker


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Three Parts  $ fundamentals    $ hacking attitudes  $ hacking well

Part 1 of 3: Fundamentals





Become a Hacker Step 4
1
Run Unix. Unix is the operating system of the Internet. While you can learn to use the Internet without knowing Unix, you can't be an Internet hacker without understanding Unix. For this reason, the hacker culture today is pretty strongly Unix-centered. A Unix like Linux can run alongside Microsoft Windows on the same machine. Download Linux online or find a local Linux user group to help you with installation.[1]
  • A good way to dip your toes in the water is to boot up what Linux fans call a live CD, a distribution that runs entirely off a CD without having to modify your hard disk. This is a way to get a look at the possibilities without having to do anything drastic.
  • There are other operating systems besides Unix, but they're distributed in binary — you can't read the code, and you can't modify it. Trying to learn to hack on a Microsoft Windows machine or under any other closed-source system is like trying to learn to dance while wearing a body cast.
  • Under Mac OS X it's possible to run Linux, but only part of the system is open source — you're likely to hit a lot of walls, and you have to be careful not to develop the bad habit of depending on Apple's proprietary code.
Become a Hacker Step 5
2
Write HTML. If you don't know how to program, learning basic HyperText Mark-Up Language (HTML) and gradually building proficiency is essential. What you see when you look at a website of pictures, images, and design components is all coded using HTML. For a project, set out to learn how to make a basic home page and work your way up from there.
  • In your browser, open the page source information to examine the HTML to see an example. Go to Web Developer > Page Source in Firefox and spend time looking at the code.
  • You can write HTML in a basic word processing program like Notepad or Simple text and save your files as "text only," so you can upload them to a browser and see your work translated.[2]
  • You'll need to learn to format tags and learn to think visually using them.[3] "<" is used to open a tag and "/> is used to close it. "
    " is the opening for a line of paragraph code. You'll use tags to signal anything visual: italics, formatting, color, etc. Learning HTML will help you to understand better how the Internet works.
Become a Hacker Step 3
3
Learn the language of programing. Before you start writing poems you have to learn basic grammar. Before you break the rules you have to learn the rules. But if your ultimate goal is to become a hacker, you're going to need more than basic English to write your masterpiece.[4]
  • Python is a good "language" to start off with because it's cleanly designed, well documented, and relatively kind to beginners. Despite being a good first language, it is not just a toy; it is very powerful, flexible, and well-suited for large projects. Javais an alternative, but its value as a first programming language has been questioned.[5]
  • If you get into serious programming, you will have to learn C, the core language of Unix. C++ is very closely related to C; if you know one, learning the other will not be difficult. C is very efficient with your machine's resources, but will soak up huge amounts of your time on debugging and is often avoided for that reason, unless the efficiency of your computer is especially important.
  • It is probably a good idea to use a good starting platform such as Backtrack 5 R3, Kali or Ubuntu 12.04LTS.
Part 2 of 3: Hacking Attitudes



  • Become a Hacker Step 1
    1
    Think creatively. Now that you've got the basic skills in place, you can start thinking artistically. Hackers are like artists, philosophers, and engineers all rolled up into one. They believe in freedom and mutual responsibility. The world is full of fascinating problems waiting to be solved. Hackers take a special delight in solving problems, sharpening their skills, and exercising their intelligence.
    • Hackers have a diversity of interests culturally and intellectually, outside of hacking. Work as intensely as you play, and play as intensely as you work. For true hackers, the boundaries between "play," "work," "science," and "art" all tend to disappear, or to merge into a high-level creative playfulness.
    • Read science fiction. Go to science fiction conventions, which is a great way to meet hackers and proto-hackers. Consider training in a martial art. The kind of mental discipline required for martial arts seems to be similar in important ways to what hackers do. The most hacker-ly martial arts are those which emphasize mental discipline, relaxed awareness, and control, rather than raw strength, athleticism, or physical toughness. Tai Chi is a good martial art for hackers.
  • 441133 5
    2
    Learn to love solving problems. No problem should ever have to be solved twice. Think of it as a community in which the time of everyone is hackers is precious. Hackers believe sharing information is a moral responsibility. When you solve problems, make the information public to help everyone solve the same issue.
    • You don't have to believe that you're obligated to give all your creative product away, though the hackers that do are the ones that get most respect from other hackers. It's consistent with hacker values to sell enough of it to keep you in food and rent and computers.
    • Read older pieces, such as the "Jargon File" or "Hacker Manifesto" by The Mentor. They may be out of date in terms of technical issues, but the attitude and spirit are just as timely.[6]
  • 441133 6
    3
    Learn to recognize and fight authority. The enemy of the hacker is boredom, drudgery, and authoritarian figures who use censorship and secrecy to strangle the freedom of information. Monotonous work keeps the hacker from hacking.
    • Embracing hacking as a way of life is to reject so-called "normal" concepts of work and property, choosing instead to fight for equality and common knowledge.
  • 441133 7
    4
    Be competent. Anyone who spends time on Reddit can write up a ridiculous cyberpunk user name and pose as a hacker. But the Internet is a great equalizer, and values competence over ego and posture. Spend time working on your craft and not your image and you'll more quickly gain respect than modeling yourself on the superficial things we think of "hacking" in popular culture.
  • Part 3 of 3: Hacking Well441133 8
  • 1
    Write open-source software. Write programs that other hackers think are fun or useful, and give the program sources away to the whole hacker culture to use. Hackerdom's most revered demigods are people who have written large, capable programs that met a widespread need and given them away, so that now everyone uses them.
  • 441133 9
    2
    Help test and debug open-source software. Any open-source author who's thinking will tell you that good beta-testers (who know how to describe symptoms clearly, localize problems well, can tolerate bugs in a quickie release, and are willing to apply a few simple diagnostic routines) are worth their weight in rubies.
    • Try to find a program under development that you're interested in and be a good beta-tester. There's a natural progression from helping test programs to helping debug them to helping modify them. You'll learn a lot this way, and generate goodwill with people who will help you later on.
  • 441133 10
    3
    Publish useful information. Another good thing is to collect and filter useful and interesting information into web pages or documents like Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) lists, and make those generally available. Maintainers of major technical FAQs get almost as much respect as open-source authors.
  • 441133 11
    4
    Help keep the infrastructure working. The hacker culture (and the engineering development of the Internet, for that matter) is run by volunteers. There's a lot of necessary but unglamorous work that needs done to keep it going — administering mailing lists, moderating newsgroups, maintaining large software archive sites, developing RFCs and other technical standards. People who do this sort of thing well get a lot of respect, because everybody knows these jobs are huge time sinks and not as much fun as playing with code. Doing them shows dedication.
  • 441133 12
    5
    Serve the hacker culture itself. This is not something you'll be positioned to do until you've been around for a while and become well-known for one of the four previous items. The hacker culture doesn't have leaders, exactly, but it does have culture heroes and tribal elders and historians and spokespeople. When you've been in the trenches long enough, you may grow into one of these.
    • Hackers distrust blatant ego in their tribal elders, so visibly reaching for this kind of fame is dangerous. Rather than striving for it, you have to sort of position yourself so it drops in your lap, and then be modest and gracious about your status.

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  • Thursday, 17 September 2015

    How to Install Windows 10 on Your PC




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    Want to install Windows 10 on your own PC? We’ve got you covered with the instructions, although it’s just like installing any other version of Windows.
    UPDATE! If you want to clean install Windows 10 instead of just upgrading, you can follow our new and updated guide to clean installing Windows 10. We definitely recommend going that route.
    Before you decide to upgrade your computer, you might want to decide whether or not you actually want to install Windows 10. It’s not necessarily right for everybody — there are still bugs and issues, and we really recommend that people hold off for a few weeks.
    You should not install Windows 10 on your primary PC. Use a test computer or a virtual machine. If you absolutely must install Windows 10 on your regular computer, we highly recommend creating a system image of your entire computer in case you want to easily revert back.
    If you haven’t installed Windows 10 on your PC before, you’ll have to perform an upgrade first before you can clean install. If this doesn’t make any sense, that’s because Microsoft never makes licensing easy, even when there’s a free version. Once you’ve performed the upgrade and activated your Windows 10 upgrade on a PC, Microsoft will associate your unique hardware ID with an activated Windows 10 license, and you can reinstall as you see fit. But not until you’ve upgraded Windows 7 or 8 to Windows 10 and then activated.
    Just keep in mind that Windows 10 is only provided for free as an upgrade. You can’t clean install it, there are no keys at this point. Unless you use our clean install workaround.
    For posterity, here are all of the installation steps if you’re booting from a flash drive, although you could just remember the word “Next” and get through it fine. Just remember to choose Upgrade when prompted unless you’ve previously upgraded and activated Windows 10 on this computer.
    When you first boot the computer you’ll see a screen like this one:
    Click Next and you’ll be taken to the Install now button screen. Which obviously you should click.
    At this point you can choose whether you want to upgrade Windows or install a new custom install. Since we’re recommending that everybody install into a virtual machine or on a test PC, you should select Custom here.
    Update: You should probably choose to Upgrade the first time, because the license key might not work otherwise.
    At this point you’ll need to pick where to install Windows 10. You might need to delete or create a partition, but if you are using a virtual machine, you can just click Next.
    And now it will install.
    Once the PC reboots again, you’ll be able to select the settings like whether Windows Updates are enabled (they aren’t allowed to be disabled in the preview). We’d recommend just using the express settings if you are using a test machine — use Custom if you’re really going to use the computer.
    And now you can sign into your Microsoft account. We’d recommend using a Microsoft account because otherwise you won’t be able to use half of the new features and you may as well use Linux or stick with Windows 7.
    If you’ve setup your account properly you’ll probably be asked to verify it in the middle. We excluded those steps from this article, but they are pretty simple.
    Now you’ll be asked how to setup the PC. Since we wanted to test everything as a new computer, we chose to set it up as a new PC instead, but you could copy all your settings from another computer if you wanted to.
    Want to use OneDrive? It’s nicely integrated into Windows, so we just left it alone.
    And now a colorful screen that tells us things are happening.
    And finally, we are at the desktop! Note that the desktop on the full release of Windows 10 looks different, and this screenshot came from a pre-release version.
    Now click that Start button. Click it. You know you want to.

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    How to become a millionaire in 7 easy steps

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    The road to wealth is not paved with infomercials. Those wee-hour TV staples would have you believe that you'll become "Fantasy Island" rich by placing tiny ads in the classifieds, or by buying up -- for no money down -- distressed property and selling it for millions.
    Unfortunately, the only thing you're likely to get from watching those infomercials is dark circles under your eyes from lack of sleep. If you actually go to the seminar or buy the tapes, you'll probably just have more debt.
    The truth is, unless you're lucky enough to receive a sizeable inheritance, you'll need to navigate your own route to prosperity. But while Bill Gates-style megawealth may be elusive, becoming a millionaire is definitely within reach of those who start young and develop the right habits. And anyone, at any age, can develop the traits that increase wealth and decrease debt.
    "You can have money or you can have stuff, but seldom do you have both early in life," says Jason Flurry, a certified financial planner and president of Legacy Partners Financial Group, Woodstock, Ga.
    "Part of our culture is, 'Fake it until you make it.' Debt holds people back. They buy liabilities and they make those payments forever. Spend less than you make, live a modest lifestyle and don't live up to every raise. Some people have spent their prosperity for the next 10 years and they've done it on credit."
    It's a matter of choices
    Flurry isn't suggesting you decorate your home in plastic lawn furniture, forego cable TV and dine on macaroni and cheese every night. But do you really need to buy a car that's so expensive that you must stretch the payments out five or more years? Do you have to have that 50-inch widescreen HD-ready TV right now?
    Many people who choose wealth over "stuff" wouldn't consider spending money on the "latest and greatest" because they know their money can be put to better use elsewhere. Buying a "liability" would probably cause them stress because they'd rather buy an asset -- something that will appreciate over time and give them a return on their investment.
    Flurry says he has a hard time getting some of his older clients to spend their money.
    "They've been savers all their lives and the thought of spending $5,000 or $10,000 on a vacation is ridiculous; it doesn't matter that they're worth $3 million. They're really the last Depression generation and it's burned in their memory that they need to squirrel away money."
    Paring it all down, we've come up with seven steps to becoming wealthy. Remember, wealth is relative, it doesn't necessarily mean "millionaire." The goal for many people is financial independence, says Stewart Welch of The Welch Group in Birmingham, Ala.
    "That's the point in time when your cash flow from investments is equal to or greater than your income from work. Look at the statistics: 95 percent of the population never achieves financial independence. For 65 percent of retirees, Social Security is their largest source of retirement income."
    The No. 1 reason people don't achieve financial independence, says Welch, is they don't have a written financial plan. So, that is our No. 1 rule for becoming wealthy.
    advertisement
    1. Develop a written financial plan 
    Saying you want to be wealthy isn't good enough. You need to come up with a workable plan and put it on paper.
    "The written plan forces you to do something," Welch says. "Calculate what you need to earn and how to invest. The plan isn't just the goal, it's the whole thing -- the dream, the goals, the options. The options are scenario planning -- all the ways you can accomplish that goal -- open a Roth IRA, contribute to a 401(k).


    2. Save, save, save 
    The end result of your financial plan should be systematic investment. Get in the habit of saving money. Build an emergency fund in a money market account so you don't have to raid the rest of your savings and investments when there's an unexpected major expense. Make it a point to save at least half of every pay raise.

    3. Live below your means 
    Don't be a walking billboard for overpriced designer clothes, shoes, sunglasses or jewelry. Don't allow your house or car payments to be budget-busters.

    4. Lay off the credit 
    Some people say that if you can eat it or wear it, don't put it on your credit card. That's good advice, but take it further. Try not putting anything on your cards that you can't pay off in two or three months. You need only one or two credit cards. If you have a fistful, pay them off. Remember, debt holds you back.
    "It reduces cash flow for other things, including investing," says Welch. "If no one gave you money to borrow, you'd be better off and the economy would be smaller. If they only let you borrow 75 percent of the value of your home, you'd be a heck of a lot better off."
    5. Make your money work for you 
    It takes money to make money, but that doesn't mean you need a lot to invest. Open an account with a mutual fund company that has no-load funds and low expense ratios. Build a diverse portfolio and you can reasonably expect to earn 8 percent to 10 percent annually on your investments over the long haul.

    6. Start your own business 
    In the 1996 book The Millionaire Next Door: The Surprising Secrets of America's Wealthy, the authors state that two-thirds of the millionaires are self-employed, with 75 percent of them entrepreneurs, and the remainder professionals such as doctors and accountants.
    "The idea that most people inherit wealth is outdated. A lot is built through businesses. Business creation is the No. 1 driver of wealth in this country," says Zultowski.
    7. Get professional advice  
    A good financial planner can help you fill your portfolio with the right investments and dump the wrong ones. You don't need to relinquish control, but you do need to form a good working relationship with someone who has expertise in this complicated area.
    "About 76 percent of those surveyed are actively involved in the day-to-day management of their financial affairs," notes Zultowski. "They get involved; they learn about finances, they're not day traders. They work with advisers but ultimately make their own decisions."
    If you can't afford to have a financial planner manage your money, many of them will review your portfolio and make recommendations for a one-time fee.

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    Tuesday, 15 September 2015

    How to be programmer in 6 ways


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    Becoming a programmer is a cumulative process that builds up your skills day after day and year after year, and programming can be fun and rewarding (mentally, spiritually and financially). This guide does not promise to give a magically easy way to becoming a programmer, and the ordering of the steps is not sacred, but you'll get a general outline of how to become a programmer in one of the modern programming fields.
    steps:
    1. 1 353
      1
      Take an introductory course in one (or all of them) of the following disciplines:
      • Logic
      • Discrete mathematics
      • Programming language (preferable C++/ Java/ Python for beginners)
    2. 2 243
      2
      Learn database concepts such as tables, views/queries and procedures. You can use any simple database package to do this, such as:
      • MS Access
      • DB V
      • Fox Pro
      • Paradox
      • MySQL is a good database to learn because it’s free, commonly used, and databases are commonly accessed with SQL queries
    3. 3 194
      3
      Decide what type of programmer you want to be. Programmers generally fall under one of the following categories:
      • Web programmer
      • Desktop application programmer
        • Operating system (OS) oriented programmer(tied to a single operating system or set of operating systems)
        • Platform-independent programmer
      • Distributed applications programmer
      • Library/platform/framework/core programmer
      • System programmer
        • Kernel programmer
        • Driver programmer
        • Compiler programmer
      • Programming scientist
    4. 38720 4
      4
      Learn the technologies and programming languages related to your programming field of choice. The following sections break down the tasks for different types of programming.
    5. Method 1 of 6: Web Programming
      1. 5 113
        1
        Know what Web programming entails. Web applications are software components designed to work on top of the internet architecture. This means that the applications are accessed through a web browser software such as Firefox or Internet Explorer. Being built on top of the Internet architecture does not necessarily require an active connection to the internet. It means that Web applications are built on top of standard web technologies such as:
      2. 6 103
        2
        Browse many diverse websites to learn about how they usually look. (Right click, then click View Source or press F12.) Look for diversity in the type/content of the website, not the quantity of websites visited. Generally, you will need to visit at least one of each of the following types of websites:
        • Corporate presence sites (commercial corporations, not-for-profit corporate/organizations, governmental organizations)
        • Web indexing engines (search engines, meta search sites, specialized search engines, directories)
        • Data mining sites
        • Personal sites
        • Informational/encyclopedic pages (wikis, data sheets, technical specifications, and manuals listing directories, blogs and journals, news and news agencies sites, yellow pages, etc.)
        • Social sites (social portals, bookmarking sites, note-taking sites)
        • Collaborative sites (this includes other categories mentioned above, such as wikis and blogs)
      3. 7 74
        3
        Learn at least one brainstorming technique/method and a software that is used to implement that method. For example: brainstorming diagrams and MS Visio.
      4. 38720 8
        4
        Get familiar with website structuring. This is creating conceptual web diagrams, site-maps, and navigation structures.
      5. 38720 9
        5
        Take a crash course on graphics design. Try to learn at least one graphics editing/manipulation software package (optional, but strongly recommended)
      6. 10 38
        6
        Learn the basics of the internet infrastructure. This includes getting a basic idea about:
        • Base Web services protocols (HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and POP3 or IMAP4)
        • Web server software (preferably, one for the platform you will be working on mostly)
        • Web browsing software.
        • Email server and client software
      7. 11 39
        7
        Learn the HTML and CSS languages. You might also want to get the "What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG)" software package for editing HTML.
      8. 38720 12
        8
        Learn XML and XML related technologies, such as XSL and XPath (optional but recommended).
      9. 38720 13
        9
        Create simple static websites until you are familiar with and comfortable around HTML.
      10. 14 21
        10
        Learn a client-side scripting language. Most users learn JavaScript. Some learn VBScript, but this isn't compatible with most browsers.
      11. 15 18
        11
        Familiarize yourself with the client-side scripting language you learned. Try to reach your potential using only that language. Only go to the next step after you've at least become familiar with your client-side scripting language.
      12. 16 16
        12
        Learn at least one server-side programming language. If you choose to restrict yourself to one server software, learn one of the programming languages supported by that software. If not, learn at least one programming language on each server software.
      13. 17 18
        13
        Create a pilot project for yourself after you finish learning the server-side programming language.
      14. 18 13
        14
        Obtain your own website and start experimenting online within your own page.
    Method 2 of 6: Desktop Application Programming

  • 38720 19
    1
    Know what you're getting into with desktop application programming. Most desktop programmers write code for business solutions, so getting an idea about businesses, their organizational and financial structure will be a big time-saver.
  • 38720 20
    2
    Learn about the different computer hardware architectures. An introductory level course in digital circuits design and another in computer architecture is useful; however, some see it as being advanced for a starting point, so reading two or three tutorial articles (such as this one and this one) might suffice. Then you can go back to this step later, after you learn your first programming language.
  • 21 11
    3
    Learn an entry-level (kids') programming language. Don't be shy to learn such a language just because you're older than being called a "kid". An example of these programming languages can be Scratch. These programming languages can ease up the pain in learning your first programming language tremendously. However, this step is optional. It can also be done before the preceding step.
  • 22 13
    4
    Get an introduction to the proceduralobject oriented, and functionalprogramming paradigms.
  • 23 7
    5
    Take an introductory course in one of the procedural programming languages. No matter what language you choose later to be your language of choice, it will require procedural programming at some level. Also, procedural programming is reported by most programmers to be the easiest to use as a starting point to get the idea of programming in general.
  • 24 8
    6
    Learn at least one advanced modeling technique such as UML or ORM.
  • 38720 25
    7
    Start writing some small console or console-like applications. You can make use of common small exercises in programming languages books. For this, choose a tool for writing programs in the programming language you are writing in.
  • 38720 26
    8
    Take a more advanced course in your chosen programming language. Make sure you understand the following concepts well and that you can apply them with relative ease before going forward:
    • Inputting and outputting information to users of a program.
    • The logical flow and the execution flow of programs in procedural languages.
    • Declaring, assigning and comparing variables.
    • Branching programming constructs such as if..then..else and select/switch..case.
    • Looping constructs such as while..do, do..while/until, for..next.
    • Your programming language syntax for creating and calling procedures and functions.
    • Data types and manipulating them.
    • User defined data types (records/structs/units) and their use.
    • If your language supports overloading functions, understand it.
    • The memory accessing methods of your language of choice (pointers, peeking, etc.)
    • If your language supports operators overloading, understand it.
    • If your language supports delegates/function pointers, understand it
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    Apply the advanced techniques you've learned.
    • Object-oriented paradigm.
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    10
    Take an introductory course in at least one more programming languagein another programming paradigm. It is recommended to learn one programming language of each paradigm, and most advanced programmers do, however, you usually start with one, work for a while applying your knowledge and practicing it, then learn the other later on, after you already had a real-life experience in programming. Try one of the following language areas:
    • Logic programming paradigm.
    • Functional programming paradigm.
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    Try to compare the two programming languages you learned so far.Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each one. Usually this is done by:
    • Taking simple samples of your early work in the first programming language and re-write it using the second programming language.
    • Creating a new project and try implementing it using both languages. Sometimes, depending on your choice of project and languages, you might not be able to implement the project in one of the languages!
    • Writing a cheat-sheet or summary-table comparisons between similar constructs in the two languages and features unique to each of the languages.
    • Try finding ways to mimic features that is unique to one of the two languages using the other language.
  • 30 6
    12
    Learn visual programming concepts using one of the languages you learned. Almost all programming languages have versions/libraries that support visual programming and others supporting console or console-like programming. This can be accomplished by:
    • Get an introduction to event-driven programming. Most visual programming relies in some level on events and events handling (using the programming language you choose).
    • Try as much desktop software as you can and understand what the software does. Most software development companies offer beta-testing versions of their products which you can use to test the software. Keep up-to-date on user interface advancements.
    • Read some articles or tutorials on graphical user interfaces.
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    13
    Start applying your knowledge on small software projects you design. Try applying your programming expertise on problems you face in your day-to-day life. For example, write programs that rename files in mass, compares text files visually, copies the names of files in a directory to memory/text file, and things like that. Keep it simple at first.
  • 38720 32
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    Create a virtual graduation project. Complete this to the end, applying the techniques of visual programming you learned so far.
  • 33 6
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    Widen your understanding of the visual framework/library/package you learned before by taking advanced courses, paying extra attention to detail and learning more tips and tricks for your framework from online resources.
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    Search for other packages/libraries of visual elements for your programming languages and learn them.
  • 35 1
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    Take a course in graphics (not graphics design). It will be very helpful for programmers wanting to write appealing user-interface elements.
  • 36 4
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    Become a games programmer (optional). Game programming is considered, in most of its parts, desktop programming. If you intend to become a games programmer, you will need to learn more about game programming after you finish these steps. A graphics course is a must for game programmers and the second language of choice in the preceding steps should be a logic/functional programming language (preferably Prolog or Lisp).
  • Method 3 of 6: Distributed Applications Programming
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    1
    Tackle distributed applications programming.Distributed applicationprogramming is considered by many to be one of the hardest to learn and requires diverse knowledge in computer and communication technologies.
  • 38 1
    2
    Take a speed introduction to telephony systems and their hardware. This step is optional. However, it is very useful in understanding network topologies.
  • 38720 39
    3
    Familiarize yourself with networking hardware architectures and devices such as hubs, switches and routers.
  • 40 3
    4
    Take a course in networking protocols and essentials. You need a good understanding of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, Ethernet, IP, TCP,UDP and HTTP before you start programming distributed applications.
  • 38720 41
    5
    Learn the XML language and familiarize yourself with it.
  • 42 4
    6
    Start by learning a shell scripting language. For Windows-based programming, that would be any script that works with Windows Scripting Host. For Linux-based programming, Bash scripts and Perl will be sufficient. JavaScript is strongly recommended for this in both platforms for the following reasons:
    • It is supported by almost any scripting host in any operating system (Windows Scripting Host supports JavaScript by default, most Linux distributions has a package for JavaScript scripting console support).
    • It is considered to be easier to learn by many developers.
    • It has an ALGOL derived syntax which familiarizes you with much more other programming languages when you need to choose a second programming language (CC++C#Java and J# all have ALGOL derived syntax).
    • By learning JavaScript, you familiarize yourself with client-side scripting of web pages which is a bonus side-effect!
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    7
    Apply only procedural programming using your scripting language of choice at first. Later, you can use more advanced programming techniques and paradigms according to your scripting language and what it supports. All scripting languages have some procedural programming aspects at some level.
  • 38720 44
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    Use the scripting language you learned to write scripts that perform communications between machines. Learn what is necessary for doing that. Simple communications will suffice.
  • 38720 45
    9
    Make a transfer to a desktop scripting/programming language. Preferably, one that is a multi-paradigm language such as Python. Take a simple introduction to that second language. Java is considered by most programmers to be the language of choice for many reasons. However, C# is gaining momentum fast in this field. Java and C# are preferred for the following reasons:
    • They are object oriented programming languages which shields programmers in large teams from implementation details as they both supports components (units of code, pre-compiled, that perform a certain task and can be used in other programs).
    • They support event-driven programming, as well as OO and procedural programming at some level.
    • The framework that the language is built upon is distributed by nature (in the case of Java).
    • The availability of many ready-made packages that deal with networking, both asopen-source code and framework built-in packages; this makes it easier for programmers to build upon the work of others.
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    Concentrate more on the core features of the language, especially those supporting networking. Pay less attention to user-interface elements such as outputting, window design and techniques, and user-interface elements.
  • 47 4
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    Take a course on distributed applications design and architectures. This can be done using books, online tutorials or academic courses. However, understanding the architecture of distributed applications and its concepts is necessary.
  • 48 1
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    Learn about building serviced components and services using your programming language of choice.
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    Learn one or more of the following technologies. It is recommended that you get at least an introduction to all of them. Most distributed application programmers do not stop at one or two programming languages, but learn at least one programming language on each operating system. That is because if you want your application to be "distributed", you should provide a version of it at least for each major operating system.
  • Method 4 of 6: Library/Platform/Framework/Core Programming
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    Know what core programming is. Core programmers are merely advanced programmers who made the transfer from programming applications to programming code units to be used by other programmers.
  • 38720 51
    2
    Learn a programming language that supports building reusable components/packages, if you have not done so already.
  • 38720 52
    3
    Take an advanced course in UML and ORM. Most library developers use one or both of them.
  • 53 2
    4
    Take a course in software engineering.
  • 54 2
    5
    Learn at least modular, component-based, object-oriented, and event-driven programming techniques and concepts. The more programming paradigms and languages you cover, the more successful you become as a library/package programmer.
  • 38720 55
    6
    Learn more about the different operating systems and programming frameworks supported by these operating systems.
  • 56 1
    7
    Focus your learning efforts on platform-independent frameworks, programming languages and technologies.
  • 38720 57
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    If the programming languages you learned so far have ANSI/ISO/IEEE/W3Cstandard versions, master the standards. Try to use standard code whenever possible.
  • 58 2
    9
    Try to mimic simple, already established libraries, especially open-source ones. This is useful during the early phase of becoming a library/package programmer. Start with simple packages like units conversion and intermediate scientific calculations packages. If you are a college student, make use of your non-programming courses by trying to implement their equations and scientific core as libraries.
  • 59 1
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    Search for and try open-source packages in your field of programming.First download binaries/executables of the package. Try to use it and find its strong and weak points. After you've done that, download the source and try to figure out how it was done. Try to recreate those libraries or parts of them. At first, do that after you've seen the code and later before you see the code. At later phases, try improving those libraries.
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    Learn the different approaches used to distribute and deploy components to programmers.
    • Usually, library/package programmers tend to think recursively and/or iteratively of all problems they are presented with. Try to think of each problem as a collection of smaller problems (a sequence of simpler tasks) or as a repeated process of reducing the problem's scope to smaller scopes and then piling those scopes upon each other.
    • Library/package programmers tend to generalize. That is, when presented with a simple specific problem, they usually think of a more general problem and try to solve that general problem which will automatically solve the smaller one.

  • Method 5 of 6: System Programming
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    Understand what system programming entails. System Programmers deal withthe science of programming not the specific implementations of it. Do not tie yourself to a specific platform.
  • 2
    Follow the first three steps for Desktop Applications Programmers.
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    3
    Take an introductory course in Linear Algebra.
  • 38720 64
    4
    Take a course in Calculus.
  • 38720 65
    5
    Take a course in Logic and/or Discrete Mathematics.
  • 38720 66
    6
    Introduce yourself to different bare operating systems. This can be done by:
    • Getting an idea on how operating systems are installed.
    • Learning how to install different operating systems on one PC (optional, but recommended).
    • Installing more than one operating system. Do not install any helping packages on the systems; instead, use the bare functionalities provided by the operating systems.
  • 67 1
    7
    Take a course (or alternatively, read books) on computer hardware architecture.
  • 68 2
    8
    Develop an understanding of the different computer hardware platforms.
  • 69 1
    9
    Get an introductory familiarization with the assembly language of the hardware platform/operating system of choice. You will later learn the assembly of other platforms/systems.
  • 70 1
    10
    Learn the ANSI C and C++ languages, along with the concepts of procedural programming.
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    Understand and practice C/C++ standard libraries on the platform of choice. Pay particular attention to Standard Template Library (STL) and maybe Active Template Library (ATL).
  • 72 2
    12
    Search online resources, books and courses to get an understanding of the C-flavor of your specific platform.
  • 73 1
    13
    Practice creating advanced code with C and C++.
  • 38720 74
    14
    Learn more advanced Assembly.
  • 75 1
    15
    Take a course in operating systems design.
  • 38720 76
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    Find and read documentations of your specific platform of choice. This will be easier if you choose a Unix-based operating system. Understand the system you will be working with later very well.
  • 77 2
    17
    Practice your acquired knowledge. First create small system utilities. It is usually useful to:
    • Trying to recreate small tools that are already there on your system.
    • Trying to port utilities available in other operating systems to yours.
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    18
    Learn languages in the most helpful order. This is the only place where the first programming language matters. Learn ANSI C first, not C++, not C#, not Java and not D. Then learn C++.
    • Restricting the first language to C and C alone is because systems programming requires that the programmer be familiar with the following concepts:
      • Real and full compilation of source code.
      • Low-level object output files.
      • Linking binaries.
      • Low-level machine-language/assembly programming. The C language is said to be a disguised/easier to learn assembly by some. It also supports inserting assembly language code in code whenever you please and it is only procedural (like assembly).

  • Method 6 of 6: Programming Science
  • 79 1
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    Know what a programming scientist does. Programming scientists are very advanced programmers who, instead of working on developing applications, work on developing computing technologies such as encryption, programming languages and data mining algorithms. This level is seldom achieved without academic study and dedication.
  • 80 1
    2
    Accumulate the scientific knowledge equivalent to a four-year degree in computer science. This can be done either by:
    • Taking an actual academic degree (which is what usually happens).
    • Getting the courses' outlines for such a degree from one of the modern universities and taking the courses either by self-study or as separate courses. This could be achieved theoretically, but the recommended path is the first.
  • 38720 81
    3
    Decide a field of specialty. The more specific, the better. This depends on your preferences. However, here is a list of some of the major topics in computer programming science:
    • Algorithm design (searching, sorting, encryption, decryption and error detection in communications are some examples)
    • Programming languages/compiler design/optimization
    • Artificial intelligence fields (pattern recognition, speech recognition, natural language processing, neural networks)
    • Robotics
    • Scientific programming
    • Supercomputing
    • Computer aided design/modeling (CAD/CAM)
    • Virtual reality
    • Computer graphics (Computer graphics is usually wrongly confused with graphical design or graphical user interface design. Computer graphics is the field of studying how to represent and manipulate graphics in computer systems.)
  • 38720 82
    4
    Consider getting a higher academic degree. You might wish to pursue a master's degree or a doctorate.
  • 83 1
    5
    Learn the technologies and programming languages related to your programming field of choice.
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